which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? Banduras Classic Experiment. d. This model requires the therapist to predict abnormal behavior in individuals. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? What exactly are some of the neurotransmitters which are so critical for neural transmission, and are essential to our discussion of psychopathology? 45. c. neurons. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. This might even affect how you interact with them. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? It begins with the individual learning a relaxation technique such as diaphragmatic breathing. d. damage control. d. bipolar disorder. d. cognitive. In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). See Figure 2.4 below. In contrast, Thanatos, our death instinct, is either directed inward as in the case of suicide and masochism or outward via hatred and aggression. d. synapses. Both the id and the ego: a. unconsciously seek gratification. Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? a. humanistic b. self theory. a. Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis or conditions that affect the mind, and in which there has been some loss of contact with reality, often including delusions (false, fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not really there). They can be used to treat eating disorders, severe depression, PTSD, OCD, ADHD, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential. Observational learning. The force that is in control in this example is the: The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person's head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. d. self-help therapy. First, the response is made, and nothing happens. What happens to the neurotransmitters that do not bind to a receptor site? Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. As these cells die, the brain fails to receive messages about when and how to move. In a general sense, a model is defined as a representation or imitation of an object (dictionary.com). 40. b. Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. b. ego. Of course, most people do not experience this but instead are made to feel that they can only be loved and respected if they meet certain standards, called conditions of worth. abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. a. catharsis. 12. The sociocultural model asserts that race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation all play a role in the development and treatment of mental illness. In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. Skinner talked about contingencies or when one thing occurs due to another. d. humanistic. This represents the psychodynamic models _____ assumption. For example, to be diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder, you must present with three of eight symptoms for criteria A whereas for a major depressive episode as part of Bipolar II disorder, you have to display five (or more) symptoms for criteria A. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. a. Neurotransmitters are released. Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from: a. natural observation. 13. In 1935, Bertha was diagnosed with a tumor, and in 1936, she was summoned by the Gestapo to explain anti-Hitler statements she had allegedly made. Rogers did try to investigate his propositions scientifically, but most other humanistic-existential psychologists rejected the use of the scientific method. b. the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. 153. What form do these consequences take? Check out the following from Harvard Health for more on depression and the brain as a cause: Other Books in the Discovering Psychology Series, Module 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Module 5: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders, Module 8: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Module 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Module 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Module 15: Contemporary Issues in Psychopathology, Instructor Resources Instructions - READ FIRST, 2.1. A reliance on medication for treatment and a belief that psychological illness is. This shows the recent belief that the key to psychological disorders lies in: a. specific brain structures. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: But women may experience these illnesses differently certain symptoms may be more common in women than in men, and the course of the illness can be affected by the sex of the individual. Researchers who have looked into the link between religious devotion and psychological well-being have come to the following conclusion that: Shonda responds by changing the subject. What is learning and what forms does it take? c. psychodynamic-gestalt. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? As such, he continues to steal her toys. When it comes to other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research has not found differences in the ratesat whichmen and women experience these illnesses. Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: a. authentic. d. indicator of psychological conflict. a. cognitive-behavioral We can also ask the patient probing questions, seek information from family members, examine medical records, and in time, organize and process all this information to better understand the persons condition and potential causes. What is it? b. social factors leading to stress. It handles the CNSs input and output and divides into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. c. repression. They are sexual in nature. With time, Anna O. did recover from her hysteria and went on to become a prominent member of the Jewish Community, involving herself in social work, volunteering at soup kitchens, and becoming House Mother at an orphanage for Jewish girls in 1895. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. 87. Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? Still, the sociocultural model suffers from unclear findings and not allowing for the establishment of causal relationships, reliance on more qualitative data gathered from case studies and ethnographic analyses (one such example is Zafra, 2016), and an inability to make predictions about abnormal behavior for individuals. a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. A patient has social anxiety disorder. 116. Biological theorists view abnormal behavior as a(n): a. illness. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? Is there merit to this view? d. cognitive-behavioral. The strategies arise from all three learning models. Another example is how a baby will root for a food source if the mothers breast is placed near their mouth. d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? b. Overgeneralizing You see a larger pattern of negatives based on one event. Describe how the sociocultural model explains mental illness. A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior actually helped humans survive. Maybe it changed to biweekly and I missed the email. Due to this endurance, we say that intermittent or partial reinforcement shows resistance to extinction, meaning the behavior does weaken, but gradually. Second, we must remember what a model does to imitate it. Cats were food deprived the night before the experimental procedure was to occur. Psychosurgery. b. learned behavior. b. cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. 2.3.4. If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: a. point out the clients misconceptions. b. superego. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? 72. Children who watched the aggressive model behaved aggressively with the Bobo doll while those who saw the gentle model, played nice. Still, cognitive-behavioral therapies have proven their efficacy for the treatment of OCD (McKay et al., 2015), perinatal depression (Sockol, 2015), insomnia (de Bruin et al., 2015), bulimia nervosa (Poulsen et al., 2014), hypochondriasis (Olatunji et al., 2014), and social anxiety disorder (Leichsenring et al., 2014) to name a few. She works very hard to do things that other people would like and to make people like her. b. axons. The second part of personality emerges after birth with early formative experiences and is called the ego. What happens at the synapse during neural transmission? All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. All while doing this, we will identify areas of concern for psychologists focused on the treatment of mental disorders. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. b. self-actualizing. d. researching the effectiveness of the therapy. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. 145. And then we return to resting potential, as you saw in Figure 2.4. Second, consider the very interesting social psychology topic attribution theory, or the idea that people are motivated to explain their own and other peoples behavior by attributing causes of that behavior to personal reasons or dispositional factors that are in the person themselves or linked to some trait they have; or situational factors that are linked to something outside the person. d. libido. An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments. Evaluate the usefulness of humanistic and existential perspectives. First, extinction is when something that we do, say, think/feel has not been reinforced for some time. Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily. Neurotransmitters will only bind to their specific receptor sites, much like a key will only fit into the lock it was designed for. Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. This is an example of: Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. This is known as In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. Influential on the development of Skinners operant conditioning, Thorndike (1905) proposed the law of effect or the idea that if our behavior produces a favorable consequence, in the future when the same stimulus is present, we will be more likely to make the response again, expecting the same favorable consequence. c. operant conditioning. The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _____ model. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? It is difficult to research this perspective. I'm going to mess up and then it won't be a perfect run!" Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality?, Which of the following is a particular strength of the clinical interview process?, Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to:, What requires a client to view one inkblot card at a time and describe what he or she sees in the image? They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: a. without any religious belief are the healthiest. Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. The existential perspective. PSYC 203 Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality, Week 12: CNS Drugs Neurodegenerative, Neurolo, Week 11: PNS Drugs (Cholinergic, Adrenergic). c. humanistic-existential Armed with this stunning revelation, Pavlov spent the rest of his career investigating the learning phenomenon. "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.". This situation places considerable stress on an individual and can lead to higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression. According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT: a. illogical thinking. 119. b. resistance. This person is an A student but does not like being right under the nose of the professor, especially if he/she tends to spit when lecturing. So, if there are 10 objects/situations in the list, the client will experience ten such pairings and eventually be able to face each without fear. d. flight of ideas. What if you found out that a friend who sits in the front row is a C student but sits there because he cannot see the screen or board, even with corrective lenses? They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. A patient has loss of neurons in the cortex and the basal ganglia. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking.