In some circumstances, there may be a backlash against what can be seen as a hostile culture. Unsurprisingly, McDonalds is the prime example of this concept. The process of identification is subjective, and "icons" are judged by the extent to which they can be seen as an authentic symbol of that culture. Linguistic imperialism or language imperialism is occasionally defined as "the transfer of a dominant language to other people". These two economic and cultural aspects are clearly intertwined, but the idea of a foreign power unilaterally crushing a native culture does not seem to be entirely true. Media now rely heavily on synergy, or cross-platform media distribution. For example, the internet allows people to connect to social groups and media that represents a particular worldview.This can result in tribalism whereby people no longer see themselves as part of a greater society. After September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush framed the issue of terrorism as a cultural conflict as much as a military one. Novelist Chimamanda Adichie tells the story of how she found her authentic cultural voice -- and warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we risk a critical misunderstanding. This is neither entirely good nor entirely bad. How might these relate to the corporations main purpose. Applying the concepts of an optimized financial market to cultural and human items such as food, McDonaldization enforces general standards and consistency throughout a global industry. Even though many of these empires have seen their powers wane over the years, they still maintain a cultural link to their previous colonies. One well-known example of this is Indias Bollywood film industry. This is known as a sphere of influence, which can range from historical connections between countries to cultural and political control over another nation. How are citizens of developed countries who lack useful Internet access affected? Is there anything that might not relate to its main product? Although similar marketing tactics have been employed in the United States, Bollywood seems to have mastered the art of cross-media integration. Media Entertainment, information and publications are typically digital with rare exceptions such as a physical newspaper. American imperialism refers to the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, and media influence beyond the boundaries of the United States.Depending on the commentator, it may include imperialism through outright military conquest; gunboat diplomacy; unequal treaties; subsidization of preferred factions; regime change; or economic penetration through private This argument that media can influence culture and politics is typified in the notion of the American Dream. Let's expand our horizons beyond those sushi dinners and daily tweets with some examples of cultural diffusion in society today: In New York City's Chinatown you'll meet the largest concentration of Chinese people in the Western hemisphere. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. In what ways has this company undergone the process of McDonaldization throughout its history? McDonaldization is characterized by efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. It is closely tied to the similar theory of cultural imperialism. Using the models you listed above, classify the following media industries: book publishing, television broadcasting, and live-event ticketing. Western stylesnewfangled delights like nylon stockings, pierced ears and eye shadowalso began to replace the austere blue tunics of Mao-era China. According to Gramscis notion, the hegemons of capitalismthose who control the capitalcan assert economic power, while the hegemons of culture can assert cultural power. How do the media increase profit margins in foreign countries? in the form of jokes or urban legends.With the widespread use of the Internet from the 1990s, the distinction between mass By contrast, some local cultures around the world have taken to Western-style business models so greatly that they have created their own hybrid cultures. What are the two ways that media companies make money? Pick a media company that interests you, such as a magazine, a television station, or a record label. The Athens, Ga., new wave pioneers are wrapping up their last-ever tour. Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. Therefore, in some ways U.S. media have become more widespread, and also more worldwide in focus. The spread of culture works in mysterious ways. Do you think that the current trends will continue, or do you see local cultures reasserting their power? Just as imperial Britain economically ruled the American colonists, so did Britain strongly influence the culture of the colonies. Has this process made the company more efficient? With McDonaldization, four aspects of the business are taken to the extreme: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. Creative outputs that have cultural and artistic value often have no physical form. It could even be argued that American cultural exports promote intercultural understanding; after all, to sell to a culture, a business must first understand that culture. Modernization theory was a dominant Strongly influenced by the theories and writings of Karl Marx, Italian philosopher and critic Gramsci originated the idea of cultural hegemony to describe the power of one group over another. Marxs ideas remained at the heart of Gramscis beliefs. Just as the automation of fast foodfrom freeze-dried french fries to prewrapped saladsattempts to lower a products marginal costs, thus increasing profits, media outlets seek to achieve a certain degree of consistency that allows them to broadcast and sell the same product throughout the world with minimal changes. The pervasiveness of cultural influence is difficult to track, however, as the young Chinese woman says that she wanted to have the surgery not because of Western looks but because she thinks they are pretty (Kristof, 1987).. Schlosser, Eric, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 4. Although this plan did not succeed as hoped, it raises the question of whether Americans should truly be concerned about spreading their cultural system if they believe that it is an ideal one. What predictions can you make about its effects in the future? Examples of Spheres of Influence. These values are perhaps most visible in celebrities and the roles that they adopt. The numbers also feature many different Indian national languages and a hybrid of Western dance music and Indian classical singing, a certain departure from conventional Western media (Corliss, 1996). How does vertical integration relate to globalized media? As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation state.Nationalism holds that each nation Cultural hegemony refers to the power of the dominant culture to overshadow and even overtake local cultures. What might its purpose be? However, the idea that other local beliefs need to change may threaten people of other cultures. Please respond to the following short-answer writing prompts. Speaking after the attacks of September 11, 2001, then-President George W. Bush presented two simple ideas to the U.S. populace: They [terrorists] hate our freedoms, and Go shopping (Bush, 2001). These twin ideals of personal freedom and economic activity are often held up as the prime exports of American culture. Invention Technological change has a broad impact on culture. Describe how hegemony applies to different aspects of global culture. This early layer of cultural mainstream still persists today, in a form separate from mass-produced popular culture, propagating by word of mouth rather than via mass media, e.g. Analyze the ways that local cultures respond to outside forces. As a new faculty, it is our priority to develop an Indigenous Strategy that is collaboratively developed, productive and purposeful to affect long-term change in the educational outcomes of Indigenous students and the intellectual and cultural integrity of Indigenous teaching and research across the faculty. Media works in an uncannily similar way to fast food. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. What is globalization, and how does it affect the media? It is cultural in that the customs, traditions, religion, language, social and moral norms, and other aspects of the imposing community are distinct from, Says Fred Schneider, We are old. What are some examples where local cultures have embraced foreign culture? How does the digital divide affect developed and developing countries differently? For many of the more extremist factions, this has turned into a form of racism as well, where many things that are Western are hated or despised. Today, cultural imperialism tends to describe the United States role as a cultural superpower throughout the world. What effects has technology had on international economics? The idea that media actually spreads a culture, however, is controversial. Is the application of antitrust legislation to media companies positive or negative? At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, A note about the documents included on this page: These documents were originally selected for the project Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives, a national initiative on American history, civics, and service.They were identified to "help us think, talk and teach about the rights and responsibilities of citizens in our However, cultures such as India have adopted American cultural and economic ideas to create a hybrid of foreign business models and local cultures. Media imperialism is a critical theory regarding the perceived effects of globalization on the world's media, which is often seen as dominated by American media and culture. The McDonaldization of the globe applies not just to its namesake, McDonalds, with its franchises in seemingly every country, but to any industry that applies the technique of McDonalds on a large scale. Looking at the world as a whole, First of all, media are often much more flexible than believed; the successful exportation of the film Titanic was not an accident in which everyone in the world suddenly wanted to experience movies like an American. Cultural imperialism (sometimes referred to as cultural colonialism) comprises the cultural dimensions of imperialism.The word "imperialism" often describes practices in which a social entity engages culture (including language, traditions, rituals, political and economic structures, and ways of life) to create and maintain unequal relationships between social groups. Cultural imperialism was around long before the United States became a world power. As well as these cultural practices, there has also been a geopolitical dimension: For a long time there has been resentment by many in the Middle East at the policies of America in their region. The music and dance numbers are essentially cinematic forms of music videos, both promoting the soundtrack and adding variety to the film. Instead, local cultures seem to adopt American-style media models, changing their methods to fit the corporate structures rather than just the aesthetics of U.S. media. How do vertical integration, first copy costs, and the information economy relate to one another? The idea that media actually spreads a culture, however, is controversial. Social contexts are all about society and what you need to know about your society in any situation.Society has rules around behavior and interaction. What are the three basic business models of media? Actors such as John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe came to represent aspects of masculinity and femininity that were adopted into mainstream culture during the mid-20th century. This language "transfer" (or rather unilateral imposition) comes about because of imperialism.The transfer is considered to be a sign of power; traditionally military power but also, in the modern world, economic power.Aspects of the Tomlinson, John. Indias largest film industry mixes melodrama with musical interludes, lip-synced by actors but sung by pop stars. Media Buzz Ltd Wide availability in the major cities Yorkshire Reporter: Monthly: Tabloid: 2013: Fight Racism! How does having a larger, more efficient media company help society? The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. From a spread of Western ideals of beauty to the possible decline of local cultures around the world, cultural imperialism can have a quick and devastating effect. The English ethnic group contributed to the major cultural and social mindset and attitudes that evolved into the American character. On one hand, foreign cultural institutions can adopt successful American business models, and corporations are largely willing to do whatever makes them the most money in a particular marketwhether that means giving local people a shot at making movies, or making multicultural films such as 2008s Slumdog Millionaire. Not everyone views the spread of American tastes as a negative occurrence. Our lives, our cultures, are composed of many overlapping stories. McDonalds has opened up many culturally specific versions of its chain, all employing its famous Golden Arches. In anthropology, high-context culture and low-context culture are ends of a continuum of how explicit the messages exchanged in a culture are and how important the context is in communication.The continuum pictures how people communicate with others through their range of communication abilities: utilising gestures, relations, body language, verbal messages, or Identify the attributes of McDonaldization. Many people in a society will have different cultures, but we all generally agree on a way to behave in society thats usually based on the dominant culture in that society. To begin discussing the topic of cultural imperialism, it is important to look at the ideas of one of its founding theorists, Antonio Gramsci. World-systems analysis argues that there have been thus far only two varieties of world-systems: world-economies and world empires. What is the effect of digital communication in developing countries? One-to-many communication: Social media allow for one-to-many communication, meaning that a user can communicate with many people at once. Why? In his book Cultural Imperialism, John Tomlinson argues that exported American culture is not necessarily imperialist because it does not push a cultural agenda; it seeks to make money from whatever cultural elements it can throughout the world. What is the digital divide, and who is trying to close it? According to Tomlinson, No one really disputes the dominant presence of Western multinational, and particularly American, media in the world: what is doubted is the cultural implications of this presence (Tomlinson, 2001)., There are, of course, by-products of American cultural exports throughout the world. But were completely hardcore. How has the Internet changed the value of experience goods? Although the fast-food restaurant is somewhat different in every countryfor example, Indian restaurants offer a pork-free, beef-free menu to accommodate regional religious practicesthe same fundamental principles apply in a culturally specific way. What are some examples of local cultures resisting the influence of foreign culture? Each response should be a minimum of one paragraph. Give examples. What is the effect of globalized media on world cultures? While cultural imperialism might cause resentment in many parts of the world, the idea that local cultures are helpless under the crushing power of American cultural imposition is clearly too simplistic to hold water. Although such jobs used to require extensive technological knowledge, modern online project managers, online media editors, and web producers spend much of their time determining how best to display the content online. Essays on subjects as diverse as the pros and cons of social media, the successes and failures of the French Revolution, and an account on Lizette Farah; No matter what the topic, type of essay, or discipline of study, essay writing can be daunting without access to the right resources.
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