1090 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700 | Washington, DC 20005-4950 | (202) 289-7800 2. Innovative Solutions for the Built Environment Rationally, hangar pavement should be treated in the same manner as apron pavement. Concretes strength has a direct relationship with the w/c ratio. It's helpful to look at the average cost for a few concrete slab projects to get a sense of the overall cost for your project. Penetrants, sometimes called penetrating sealers, actually soak into the concrete and enter the voids and capillaries at the surface to form a water-repellent layer. The curing period of a precast concrete structure is critical in determining how durable it will be. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers pioneered the rigid airfield pavement design methods. Coreslab Structures (INDIANAPOLIS) Inc. is recognized as a leader in the design, manufacture, and erection of structural and architectural precast/ prestressed concrete products and buildings. All Structures are built per ASTM C913-"Standard specification for precast concrete water and wastewater structures." Rectangular chambers can be used as ditch bottom inlets, catch basins, grease traps, septic tanks for private applications, wetland outfall structures, sediment tanks . The delivered length can be up to 24 m . Fig.3: slab on ground 1.4 Minimum thickness of Diaphragms Your email address will not be published. A good example for when the cover allowance would be reduced would be when precast concrete elements are being used, as the factory will typically have a high standard of quality control. It is calculated by determining the minimum thickness plus a tolerance for any deviations. Precasting can provide a fast building process. The precast concrete can be a great product but I recommend to apply two coats of Water Repellent, like a Siloxane Sealer or soThen you will have a super product for many years to come. Reinforcing steel wire rope provides bending resistance. . slab, and concrete piles. Additional primary benefits of Nitterhouse precast concrete slabs: ecoSmart material - The precast concrete we use to create slabs planks reduce CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions while producing a high-quality, exceptionally strong product. Properly designed, mixed, placed and cured precast concrete can stand up to most conditions and serve as a long-lasting product. Large poured concrete slab: $700 to $4,200. Download PDF View PDF Manual Panel Brick Technical Manual The tolerance states that no individual sample may be more than inch thinner than the specified thickness and the average of all samples can't be more than 3/8 inch thinner than specified. The precaster was Southern Cast Stone 3. Filed Under: Precast Solutions Magazine, 2014 Fall, Precast Magazines, Watertightness of Precast Concrete Tagged With: Admixture, Coating, Permeability, SCM, aggregate, curing, watertightness. Consolidation serves many purposes. Eurocode 2 states minimum thickness for floor slabs in buildings is 125mm. Kinsai is built as a flexible pavement system to be more forgiving with changes in the sub-grade support. Miscellaneous - Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind . So how do we make concrete watertight? Tabulated formulas that recommend minimum slab thickness based on span are found in the Concrete Design section of the Specifications. What we would normally think of as the cover minimum thickness is actually called the cover nominal thickness and is indicated on structural drawings. TABLE 722.2.2.1 Simple, accurate, and rapid solutions direct from a leading UK manufacturer. National Institute of Building Sciences Watertightness, permeability and porosity. Thickness: 75mm. Military pavement engineers have found, through extensive testing sponsored by the Corps of Engineers at the Lockborne trials in the 1940s, that steel reinforcing delays the deterioration of the crack but not the formation of the crack, and, thus prefer to use thicker, non-reinforced pavement sections. KO0wd(Lp^v; 5U+D KI This is an undesirable consequence. Figure 1. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) 360, the National Precast Concrete Association (NPCA), and the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) all provide guidance on uniform live loading conditions and varying the amount of reinforcing and slab thickness to provide additional load carrying capacity. For single-course precast concrete slabs or wall panels, a two-hour fire endur-ance means that thermocouples, measuring the passage of heat through the thickness of the wall, are recording an average temperature rise of 250 F or a maximum temperature reading of 325 F . 1926. ACI 515.1 defines waterproofing as a treatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure, whereas damp proofing is defined as a treatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water in the absence of hydrostatic pressure. Water will actually bead on these treated surfaces. We also offer advanced treatment systems for commercial and residential wastewater applications. One must recognize that a hangar slab-on-grade with the transformed area of the reinforcing steel to the concrete used will approach an equivalent thickness of the heavy-duty, non-reinforced concrete. The apron pavement is designed and maintained using the PCASE and PAVER programs, respectively with a greater emphasis on life-cycle costs and on FOD control. Previous Navy hangar pavement designs used reinforced pavement based on ACI 360 methods with minimal reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses as well as friction drag forces where the subgrade restrains the pavement's tendency to expand and contract. Here's all the info I know: 1. Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures (BS EN 1992-1-1:2004+A1:2014), Ground-bearing concrete floor slabs (residential construction), Simply supported slab, one- or two-way spanning, Slab supported on columns without beams (flat slab), For concrete cast against prepared ground, including blinding: 40mm, For concrete cast directly against soil: 75mm. At the same time, in order for damaging chloride ions, sulfate ions and other aggressive chemicals to make it into concrete, water is required for transport. H.M. Public Roads, V. 7, No. 148 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5A2140ECBAC4A44AA7FB21DFCD7B104C>]/Index[118 57]/Info 117 0 R/Length 127/Prev 474321/Root 119 0 R/Size 175/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Report. Copeland Precast, Inc. has been a staple of the Denver Metro Area since 1935. When designing different slab heights, only the height of the lattice rib and the thickness and length of the polystyrene blocks will change , without increasing the total amount of concrete needed. Proper curing requires three things: time, temperature and moisture. 722.2.1.1.1 Hollow-Core Precast Wall Panels Driveways : 6 - 8 inches ( 0.15 - 0.2 m) Side walks, barn and granny floors : 5 - 6 inches (0.125 - 0.15 m) Porches, Home garage floors : 4 - 5 inches (0.1 - 0.125 m) Farm building floors, Home basement floors : 4 inches (0.1 m) Sponsored Links. The shape, size and orientation of the aggregates have an influence on the thickness of the ITZ. Consolidation. ITZ. We can supply 50-10,000Kgs with low lead times and no MOQ to anywhere in the UK. The slab is 9 inch deep and 2 feet wide. 0 . Some are water- or solvent-based while others are epoxy or urethane sealers. connecting precast concrete elements. In the UK, the design of concrete is covered by Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures (BS EN 1992-1-1:2004+A1:2014), which specifies minimum levels of thickness for various elements. Prestressed half-slab can be slipformed on a long line or wet cast in molds. Insulation should be incorporated into a thin-shell wall's thickness of between 5 and 12 inches. The system is capable of clear spans of roughly 20 feet between beams that act compositely with the topping . The aggregates also need to be clean and free of deleterious substances. Exception: Minimum thickness shall not be required for floors and ramps within parking garages constructed in accordance with Sections 406.5 and 406.6. When used to slow deterioration and control Foreign Object Damage (FOD) hazards, pavement engineers locate steel at the slab mid-depth to hold the cracks shut; not to carry tensile forces as the structural engineer would do. A non-prestressed half slab is called filigran or filigree and is wet cast on a long line or in circulation molds. Coatings are engineered products designed to form a protective barrier, shielding the concrete from chemical attack. View Complete Details Get Latest Price Request a quote Razvi Cement Products Poornapragna Housing Society Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 3.4 /5 Silica fume and metakaolin are particularly effective in reducing concretes permeability. Dtail +. Producers start with a low w/c ratio and then must work to keep that moisture in the concrete to enhance proper hydration. Contributes to LEED performance - Nitterhouse precast concrete slabs are manufactured using best-in . By using the SlabSetters, a 3/16" gap is automatically created as the shaft of the SlabSetters tool has a diameter of 3/16". W/C ratio. For compelling administrative reasons (future resource constraints) and technical considerations, the Navy pavement engineers agreed to base future airfield pavement designs/evaluations primarily on the CoE methods (PCASE). Producers work tenaciously to find the absolute lowest w/c ratio that will enable proper casting. Guam Air Force special hangar rendering. A thin reinforced concrete layer is then poured on top. So while watertightness is important to keep fluids in, it is also important to keep harmful chemicals and ions out. The UK's leading manufacturer of pre-stressed Hollowcore Concrete Floors Our plant has been in continuous operation since 1963, Coreslab Structures acquired the facility in 2004. Brand: ACE. in reply to: Anatoly6JJFY. While obviously resulting in less concrete topping material there are two (2) concerns to be considered: The composite properties of the system have been compromised because the total thickness is 9.25" instead of 10". Prestressed precast concrete is achieved by casting concrete into pre-assembled forms in combination with rebar and steel cable reinforcement. L'option est 2 par trajet. Hollow core slabs hollowcore slab size 20mm inventaa cross sections of the hollow core units types of hollow core slab. Precast concrete steel-reinfored treads, durable & non-combustible, easy to install, low maintenance, specifications for wood or steel supports. 2022 National Institute of Building Sciences. endstream endobj startxref Claude Goguen, P.E., LEED AP, director of technical services and sustainability, provided the following response. I need to get some concrete soon that has to be completely watertight, so it might be best to get it precast. width, and thickness which suit the requirements of a project. Precast slabs or other precast structural flooring units: 1. 118 0 obj <> endobj However, contractors can create the illusion of a thicker countertop by casting a drop-front edge. https://precast.org/2014/03/damp-proofing-vs-waterproofing-part-1/, Your email address will not be published. 174 0 obj <>stream Manufacturers employ many methods to control the amount of water and air that remains in hardened concrete, but pores will always be present. In other words, the goal is to make concrete virtually impermeable. LOCAL We focus exclusively on the Colorado area - which means we are intimately familiar with the ins-and-outs of codes, specs, and city requirements. These specifications say that a concrete slab must have a compressive strength of not less than 10 MPa at 28 days, or be mixed in the proportions by volume of one part cement, four parts sand and five parts coarse aggregate (which is usually crushed stone). To reduce stresses from the volumetric changes, pavement sections perform best by setting the length to width ratio (aspect ratio) as close to 1 as possible. Use very lightly reinforced pavements inside the hangar. The walls are supported at the roof by an interlocking recess that is cast into the top slab. X4A} {Gw;r oq1]xsz-%. Typically, the absolute minimum that this value will be is 20mm, which is made up of 10mm of minimum cover and 10mm of allowance for deviation. This page presents the philosophical approaches to hangar pavement design that exist between structural and pavement engineers. Pavement engineers control stresses by limiting the spacing of the pavement joints to approximately 12.5' x 15'. It is really interesting that water has such an important roll in concrete; I never knew that! Thickness : 18-50mm; Surface Treatment : Polished, Sandblasted, Honed, Brushed; Function . The slab is usually broad and short, e.g . These products are generally used where there is little or no hydrostatic head. We have expertly manufactured hollowcore concrete flooring solutions at our factory in Essex for over 70 years. The airfield pavement engineer rarely has the luxury of an improved sub-grade condition so he also is likely in the less than 300 pci range. Should you have any questions or comments on the WBDG, please feel free to contact our team at wbdg@nibs.org. Masts and poles. See Figure 1 for a visual comparison of the typical airfield parking apron spatial relationship to a typical Navy hangar. Coatings are typically epoxy, urethane or acrylic, but also include asphalt coatings, polyureas, polyaspartic, and poly and vinyl esters. In Table 1 the comparison of design pavement thickness required for aircraft parking apron versus the hangar floor slab would indicate at first glance that the civil engineer, likely the apron designer, has different methods and requirements than the hangar floor slab, a structural engineer. The permeability of commonly used concrete aggregate varies from about 1.7 x 10-9 to 3.5 x 10-13 cm/s. This is commonly referred to as damp proofing. r@ 0 T The recommended value of cover allowance is 10mm according to Eurocode 2. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplying Precast Concrete Slabs, Precast Cc Slabs across India. 450 MM. Precast concrete is durable and requires minimal maintenance. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a67659d03e1c7abd10552183a8b0965e" );document.getElementById("b867a2f8bc").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. However, if there is any reinforcement included within the slab, this thickness will increase to ensure there is adequate concrete cover to the reinforcement (see the Reinforcement section for how this is calculated). interior and exterior columns, structural floors, girders, wall panels, stairs, and slabs. "Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis" by Westergaard. Hangar pavement is designed for lowest initial cost with, perhaps some consideration for FOD control, in preventing any cracks that form from experiencing additional deterioration. The new Japanese airfield is unique in that the subgrade consists of land reclaimed from the sea. Required thickness of concrete slabs. These parts can be . . The w/c ratio is the most important factor in making a watertight precast concrete structure. 4. Due to the heat signature of U.S. military aircraft, a concrete airfield is required for the new joint use Japanese/U.S. The Navy has recently given significant scrutiny to using reinforcement in a new concrete airfield planned in Japan. Required fields are marked *. Small, precast concrete slabs (pavers): $1 to $15 each. Contact royalconcreteslabs@gmail.com for an accurate discounted quote. They can be bolted together. In general, the structural engineer has minimal information on the sub-grade modulus and often resorts to very conservative values for design. Historical Development Of Hollow Core Slabs Arnold Van Acker Stef Maas Southern cast stone is no longer an operating company. WBDG is a gateway to up-to-date information on integrated 'whole building' design techniques and technologies. Under Configuration in the Precast tab, in the tree on the left, go to Precast > Concrete > Slab > Hollwcore Slab > Segmentation. Concrete Countertop Makes a Statement Hard Topix Precast . However, depending on the type, aggregates can be more permeable due to the increased size of the pores. Stresses in rigid pavements result from wheel loads; cyclic changes in temperature (warping and shrinkage or expansion); changes in moisture; and volumetric changes in the subgrade. The strength of your concrete will also affect the minimum thickness. Precast Pads. Prestressed concrete may be precast or cast in place, in this article we have focused on precast. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2022 National Precast Concrete Association. Producers use SCMs for their many benefits, including permeability reduction. Admixtures such as accelerators and retarders are used to control concretes rate of set, especially during extreme weather conditions. However, this can vary depending on the situation if you are casting concrete direct onto the ground or using prestressed tendons, for example, then the cover will likely be increased. There, you can see 'Minimum Width', you can change that to be very small, so your hollowcores get generated. The testing results showed that two layers of carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets bonded to the inner surface of the voids for 450 mm only from . China Precast Concrete Slabs manufacturers - Select 2022 high quality Precast Concrete Slabs products in best price from certified Chinese Construction Machinery, China Mixer suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com . Dry unit weight of 35 pcf or less and consisting of, The actual thickness of Portland cement-sand plaster, provided that it is. To create more residential and industrial land, the Japanese are removing the top of a mountain and crushing the material into fill. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) 360, the National Precast Concrete Association (NPCA), and the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) all provide guidance on uniform live loading conditions and varying the amount of reinforcing and slab thickness to provide additional load carrying capacity. Due to the high concentrated aircraft gear loadings, the Navy recently revised its hangar design criteria in UFC 4-211-01 "Aircraft Maintenance Facilities" to encourage the design methods reflected in UFC 3-260-02 "Pavement Design for Airfields" and Pavement Computer Aided Structural Engineering (PCASE). Many tests exist to determine the permeability of concrete. The standard concrete countertop slab thickness is 1 to 2 inches, similar to countertops made of marble or granite. Navy/Marine Corps hangars are designed for flexibility in mission with the likely potential that aircraft loading will change frequently in the future. For example, if your concrete slab is cantilevered and is too thin, a heavy load applied to the unsupported end will break the cantilevered section. I didnt actually know that the most common use for precast concrete is to hold water and keep it watertight. To avoid manual pumping, you can hire a pump which costs an extra R5000. Bot material and labor will be saved when you use hollow core slabs in the process. Flange 3'' thick and stems 3'' at the bottom. However, the mix must be placed in formwork and consolidated around reinforcing. 22m3 R32000. Improper consolidation can lead to honeycombing and aggregate segregation, making it much easier for water to enter the concrete. That way I can not only keep the water inside the concrete container, but I can also keep other things out. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for STAREVER of ROUBAIX, HAUTS DE FRANCE. %%EOF The recommended values in this instance are: Other reasons why you might increase cover include the finish that needs to be achieved, such as ribbed finishes or leaving aggregates exposed. The Navy has recently used design/build acquisition procedures to construct a $50 million, 3module hangar for P3s, a marine patrol aircraft in Brunswick, Maine. I have a steel framed tower that will be clad with precast concrete panels. (Note that the Eurocode may be updated, changed or withdrawn, so always check what standard applies before using any figures.). Certificate. NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office (EICO). The minimum thicknesses of reinforced and prestressed concrete floor or roof slabs for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours are shown in Table 722.2.2.1. Both approaches rely on the continuous support of the subgrade and distribution of the applied loadings through a derivative of the traditional Westergaard or Boussinesq methods. . Exposed wood members and wood decking shall be permitted in accordance with Chapter 16 of ANSI/AWC NDS. Both the pavement engineer and the structural engineer recognize the purpose of good drainage practices in the subgrade. Current methods use layered elastic procedures, and, the future looks toward finite element based procedures. See www.daviscolors.com for color options. Be the first to know when a new issue is available online. Thanks for the great post! A hollow-core slab, a plank of concrete with hollowed-out tunnels inside of it, extending the full length of the concrete slab, is a precast concrete plank used in multi-story housing buildings, such as big apartment buildings. When installing sidewalk slabs adjacent to each other, make sure to leave a narrow gap between the slabs. Precast concrete is used for many purposes one of the most common is to hold or convey fluids. Lewis and Clark, peanut butter and jelly, cement and water all are influential duos. Permeability is influenced by porosity, but the two are not directionally proportional. How is precast concrete installed . Similarly, if there is a rigorous quality management system in place that monitors the cover depth during fabrication, the cover allowance can be reduced to between 5-10mm. The aggregates are also closely inspected and tested to ensure they do not contain any deleterious substances or excess dirt. Pavement engineers prefer to use a fatigue design method that considers a ratio of the actual strength to calculated stress (adjusted for load transfer conditions). Continue to use heavy duty, non-reinforced concrete pavement on the airfield, closely spaced joints, with conscientious, professional construction inspection and quality assurance to provide the most cost-effective solution. If the concrete will be subjected to severe loads on occasion, such as mobile homes or garbage trucks, a thickness of five to six inches is advised. Slabs or wall panels faced with protective materials can provide added For instance, a full-sandwich panel that is 10-by-20-feet by eight inches thick (with a three inch void for insulation) weighs more than six tons. Contact Precast Bloks for knowing more about solid slab panel. And if there is an uneven surface that the concrete is being cast onto, such as exposed aggregate, the minimum cover should be increased by at least 5mm for a total of 15mm minimum cover. Published BS EN standards for precast concrete. Permeability depends not only on the number of pores, but also their size, orientation and connectivity. The hangar shop and equipment area adjacent to the enclosed space to park aircraft undergoing maintenance should be designed with a different approach due to the different applied loading conditions. by Vincent R. Donnally, PE The pavement sensitivity analysis shown in Table 2 indicates that sub-grade modulus has minimal effect on the computed pavement thickness unless the design falls below 200 pci. Building is in Knoxville. Proper curing, low w/c ratio and use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), chemical admixtures and additives can strengthen this zone and make it more watertight. Table 2 provides a summary of comparison of the calculated thickness varying with the concrete flexural stress and modulus of subgrade. The provisions of this section contain procedures by which the, The minimum equivalent thicknesses of cast-in-place or precast, MINIMUM EQUIVALENT THICKNESS OF CAST-IN-PLACE OR PRECAST, 722.2.1.1.1 Hollow-Core Precast Wall Panels, 722.2.1.1.4 Ribbed or Undulating Surfaces, For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.02 kg/m, 722.2.1.3 Joints Between Precast Wall Panels, 722.2.1.3.1 Ceramic Fiber Joint Protection, 722.2.1.4 Walls With Gypsum Wallboard or Plaster Finishes, MULTIPLYING FACTOR FOR FINISHES ON NONFIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF, TIME ASSIGNED TO FINISH MATERIALS ON FIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF, 722.2.1.4.4 Minimum Concrete Fire-Resistance Rating, Where finishes applied to one or both sides of a, Reinforced and prestressed floors and roofs shall comply with, Section 722 Fire and Smoke Protection Features, Calculated Fire Resistance, 722.4 Fire and Smoke Protection Features, Clay Brick and Tile Masonry, 722.1 Fire and Smoke Protection Features, General, 722.2 Fire and Smoke Protection Features, Concrete Assemblies, Portland cement-sand plaster applied directly to, Portland cement-sand plaster on metal lath. The top slab thickness shall be increased to 6.5 inches. BS EN 1168 hollow core slabs Cl 4.3.3.2 goes into some depth concerning design but says nothing about 'verification' based on EN 1992 aided by physical testing or testing. PAVER software has been widely adopted by the Navy as the backbone of the preventive maintenance airfield program for taxiways, aprons, airfields, and miscellaneous airfield pavements. The tank contains a monolithic compartment wall. Reinforcing does not prevent crack formation! . In terms of the ability for liquids to pass through concrete, there are three roads to take. Fig.4: Influence of slab thickness and aggregate type of fire resistance for concrete slabs based on 139 o C rise in temperature of unexposed surface. Concrete is a porous material. Added to the minimum cover is an allowance for any deviation when the concrete is installed (cdev), much like a tolerance. BS EN 12843:2004. For structures to fulfill this purpose, they must be watertight. The minimum amount of cover (Cmin) is determined by comparing the minimum cover required to achieve a good bond between the concrete and reinforcement, and the minimum cover required for the environmental conditions (such as if the reinforcement is a prestressed tendon, the desired design working life, quality control of the concrete, etc.) The System. Permeability is the ability of a given concrete to allow liquids or gases to pass through. We will guide you to finding the right product for your new stairs or replacements including open and closed risers. . The U.S. military pioneered airfield design methods as it coped with designing for bombers of unprecedented weight in World War II. The advent of water reducers and the ongoing technological advances in the development of these products have led to overall reductions in w/c ratios and more watertight precast concrete structures. Due to their hydrophobic nature, PRANs act as a water repellent and are traditionally used to reduce the absorptive tendency of concrete. Top slabs can be manufactured to almost any configuration. Precast concrete manufacturers are in the business of making strong, durable products. Concrete pavements can be modeled as a beam on an elastic foundation (first proposed by E. Winkler in 1867 for one-way bending) and subsequently refined by Westergaard to capture two-way bending allowing a more effective and economical design. The reactive pressure is proportional to the deflection; that is p= k x y where the term k is the modulus of sub-grade reaction and y represents the slab deflection. Pavement engineers focus on joint designs to control slab behavior and stresses; they include construction joints, expansion joints, and crack control joints. Perforated-Long. A test plan evaluation section is planned for late summer 2004 to compare the performance of a continuous reinforced section with the traditional U.S. military procedures. The slabs are typically 120 cm wide with standard thicknesses normally between 15 cm and 50 cm. Architectural precast consists of a solid concrete panel that typically has a 4" minimum thickness. Add in aggregates and we get concrete, the second most used material in the world, right after you guessed it, water. Concrete pool deck: $7,000 to $10,000. Aggregates. Project Solutions Offered by Indianapolis, Indiana. Similarly, if large aggregates are used in the concrete mix (32mm or greater nominal aggregate size) then the cover will also need to be increased by 5mm to allow for this. Precast concrete Hollowcore Plank systems come in a variety of thicknesses and can be engineered to take into account required jobsite blockouts and connections, our design team can set out the parameters to take into account all of your specific project needs: Lafarge Precast Concrete Hollowcore 8" Thickness option - 10" Thickness option military airfield ($10 billion dollars, 10 year design construction effort by the Government of Japan administered by the Corps of Engineers with an expert Navy review team). Low w/c ratios produce a strong concrete that can far exceed specified 28-day strengths, and very low porosity that will make it impenetrable to harmful elements. As part of the annual tri-service airfield pavement meeting hosted by the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center in Port Hueneme, California, in December 2003, a pavement sensitivity analysis was done and discussed by the engineers in attendance. The use of Precast Concrete Hollowcore Flooring is a highly cost effective solution that fits easily into any structural system such as steel or concrete frame or indeed masonry construction.
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