These are called ' makishi ' (' likishi ' is the singular). Berndnaut Smilde performs magic. They must also learn and understand their future role as a man and husband. Read more on periodic reports. what are 4 basic categories of religious dance? Today, it is often reduced to one month in order to adapt to the school calendar. While at Mukanda, the boys are separated from the outside world the separation marking their symbolic death as children. Another interesting figure is Mupala, who is a protective spirit with supernatural abilities. The Mysterious Books Of Prophecies Of The Knights Templar Where Are They Hidden? Like the female initiates, the males (' tundanji ') have teachers who guide them through the process. We've set up this mailing list in order to mitigate the dependency on social media. The Diablo Umo fabric mask is a classic from the Quechua-speaking people of Ecuador. Please note this is merely a guide; if you submit a booking enquiry, you will receive an exact quote based on the unique details of your event. It is performed mostly by females due to its waist winding. Contact | Emblem | Publications | FAQ | Forms | Terms of use, Sounds of living heritage, a journey through indigenous languages (2019), Passing it on: Inventorying living heritage in Africa (2016), ICH for sustainable development: a virtual exhibition (2013), Recognizing Our Cultural Heritage (2010), Living Heritage: Exploring the Intangible (2007), Global reflection on the listing mechanisms, Mechanism to encourage multinational files, Engaging youth for an inclusive and sustainable Europe, Operational principles and modalities in emergencies, Living Heritage and the COVID-19 pandemic, SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Social practices, rituals and festive events. In time, they managed to establish more valuable contacts and by the 18th century they traded with the Portuguese and Brazilians in Angola. The haka started as a war dance The first hakas were created and performed by different Mori tribes as a war dance. They used dance to train their warriors. Who performs the Makishi dance? During the Mukanda, Makishi are supposed to return from the world of the dead to protect and assist the boys in their transition from childhood to adulthood. Makishi dance, originally performed at the end of an annual initiation ritual for boys between the ages of eight and twelve in rural Zimbabwe and Zambia, is particularly known for involving beautifully painted masks that represent different spiritual characters. Unexpected And Surprising Results Of Ancient DNA Study Who Were The First People In South America? It is a sacred dance performed only at important funerals . Singing and dancing are an important part of the life of the Maori people of New Zealand. It is not for "traditional" use and does not resemble any one character. These and the ones in the following five pictures are Makishi dancers, mostly from the Luvale tribe. -buffalo and eagle. They love tranquility & comfort. Singkil is a famous dance of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao, traditionally performed by single women to attract the attention of potential suitors. The term refers to the masks and costumes that constitute a character being portrayed. Lawren Harris was born into one of Canadas wealthiest families and was destined for a life in aristocratic circles, yet he always felt more at home in the great outdoors. Karolinas mission is the transmutation of reality, her work far more than mere adornment she weaves the umbilical thread that reminds us of dimensions we have just forgotten about. The Mukanda involves the circumcision of the initiates, tests of courage, and lessons on their future role in society as men and husbands. Makishi Death dances for living people July 7 2016 Makishi (singular, Likishi) are masked characters associated with the coming of age rituals of the Vaka Chiyama Cha Mukwamayi communities of the north-western part of Zambia. Ben Tolmans ink drawings reflect the fact that there is a subtle world we only perceive in non-ordinary states of consciousness. Click on the thumbnails above to view large images. They are artistic & likes quality. The masks are believed to be a manifestation of the spirits of dead ancestors who return to the world of the living. This dance performed is in praise of the birth-place of mankind and the earth. A folk dance performed by the Sangtam tribe during the Hornbill Festival. Written byEllen Lloyd AncientPages.com, Copyright AncientPages.comAll rights reserved. There is already another post about Philip Kirkland but these images Ive just found deserve to stand alone. It is originated in the mid Volta region during the early 1940s. According to the group director Kayata Tshuma the Makishi masquerade is performed at the end of the Mukanda, an annual initiation ritual for boys . Makishi (singular, Likishi) are masked characters associated with the coming of age rituals of the Vaka Chiyama Cha Mukwamayi communities of the north-western part of Zambia. It was performed on the battlefields for two reasons. New York City born, Robert Venosa was transported into the world of fine art in the late 60s after having. SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (490), Social practices, rituals and festive events (422). Laffoley is a visionary painter, designer, futurist & hyperspace cartographer based in Boston. It has an expressive behavior. This is performed for public entertainment. It is said that the Makishi is a masked character, representing the spirit of a deceased ancestor who returns to the world of the living to assist the boys. The makishi (dead) dance is performed at the end of adult initiation rituals for boys, called mukanda, primarily in Zambia. There are six players for each set, each with its beat to produce harmony. At the beginning of the dry season, young boys leave their homes and live for one to three months in an isolated school. A dance performed by male and female Talaandig for entertainment and sometimes in the ritual dances for offering to their Magbabaya. The Makishi masquerade is performed at the beginning, during and at the end of the Mukanda, an initiation ritual for boys, which is practiced by the Mukanda - Makishi Practicing Communities in Zambia. 3. This ritual is celebrated by the Vaka Chiyama Cha Mukwamayi communities, which include the Luvale, Chokwe, Luchazi and Mbunda peoples, who live in the northwestern and western provinces of Zambia. Discover articles and insights by Ed Stetzer, Ph.D. on ChurchLeaders.com. This separation from the outside world marks their symbolic death as children. Its celebrated yearly to keep ancient traditions and memories of African ancestors alive. 114 views, 0 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Houston Zambians: Likisi. Luvale males between the ages of eight and twelve participate in ' mukanda ', a coming-of-age ceremony that includes circumcision. They are Zambias most famous dancers who perform dressed in boldlylakishi costumes and arresting masks that represent mythical charactersand deities.1. There are about 12 prominent traditional dances in Zimbabwe, namely Shangara, Mbira dance, Dinhe, Mbakumba, Muchongoyo, Jerusarema, Mhande, Isitschikitsha, Amabhiza, Ingquza, Chinyobera and Ngungu. This separation from the outside worlds marks a symbolic death as children. a hunter) and also after a big-game hunt. They are confident & also a good healer. The cikunza mask represents an ancestor and is worn by an older man to teach boys the knowledge they will need as men, particularly relating to hunting and sexual relationships. BORBORBOR (EWE TRIBE) It is one of Ghana most satisfying dance style you would ever witness. Art meets Science and Spirituality in a changing Economy. Welcome to the ABE portal. Gerhard Riebickes photography paved the way for the awakening of the Lebensreform movement in the early 20th century. The founding Vice-Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa, Professor Hope Sadza, donated a trophy for the Jikinya Dance Festival's Common Dance. I totally share his fascination with clouds. Once the boys have successfully completed the muaknda ritual, they are welcome to re-join the community. egyptian dance ritual believed to be the first of the circle dances. I dont need to know how hes creating his indoor clouds but I love it. They are always a great hit and loads of photos are always taken with them in their giant masks. The Budima Dance is a warrior dance performed all year round by the Wee people on a number of sombre and spiritual occasions, especially during traditional ceremonies, funeral processions, weddings, initiation ceremonies, the installation of chiefs, thanksgiving, harvest celebrations and ritual activities. It is a type of dance used to symbolize the origin of one's connection with their culture. [9] Dance occupies a crucial place in Zimbabwean culture. Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2005). Reign Of Papua New Guineas Megafauna Lasted Long After Humans Arrived, Re-Spun Silkworm Silk Is 70% Stronger Than Spider Silk, Impact Triggered Mega-Earthquake Global Tsunami Killed The Dinosaurs 66 Million Years Ago, Star-Childhood Shapes Stellar Evolution, The Fountain Of Life: Water Droplets Hold The Secret Ingredient For Building Life, Mysterious Pyramid Of Menkaure Remains An Ancient Puzzle. It is traditional. The subject of Swiss painter Raffaello Ossola is consistent. Phiri is a surname of the Tumbuka tribe, meaning . The pingsan, pindua, and pitlo then join the beat. Dances such as the tango or maidens round that display flirtation are examples of what type of social dance? Each initiate is assigned a specific masked character, which remains with him throughout the entire process. People with name Makishi are loving & domestic. -animals were considered sacred, so Native Americans created dances to honor the courage of a specific animal. Riddle Of The Old Cursed Car Supernatural Forces Or Unusual Coincidences? This adjustment together with the increasing demand for makishi dancers at social gatherings and party rallies, might affect the rituals original character. What is the training method of Noh and Kabuki. The completion of the mukanda is celebrated with a graduation ceremony. The ceremony is peoples way to remember their heritage. The coming of age dance is considered to be one of the most important ritual among the African tribes. ritual dance performed by women during religious celebration, The dance of the Baylan or the Priest during a hinaklaran ritual, a dance imitating one who is suffering from legs cramp, a courtship dance performed by two men and a woman with one man winning the maiden love, ahh dance mimicking the mother as she takes care of the baby, looks for food and washes in the river, a dance mimicking a forest bird locally called Tungkago resembling a hornbill with the dancer holding her forfingers to the side of her nose, a dance performed by men, originally out to hunt their enemies, a dance using a wooden pole simulating the pounding of rice harvest, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Prayers run neck to neck along with the dance during the festivals to which the dance is associated in order to propitiate the sky God. The series investigates the effects of high voltage and household cleaning products on instant pull apart color film. They work well with others & love to discuss things. Therefore, the boys are called Tundanji people who do not belong to the world of the living, to be reborn as adults at the completion of the Mukanda. For example, Likhuba, a traditional dance among the Sena tribe from the Lower Shire in southern Malawi, aims to cure psychological illness in women. On the last day of the 16-day celebration, the dance is performed. Makishi Dance - Zayellow video mix 198,055 views Jan 2, 2016 632 Dislike Share Save Kalenga Chihinga 11.9K subscribers Makisi or makishi are the masquerades of the Ngangela, Tchokwe and Luena. Every belief system has to offer a good story. Score: 4.1/5 (52 votes) . How Human Ancestors Used Fire New Methods Give Answers, A Stone Age Child Buried With Bird Feathers, Plant Fibers And Fur Investigated In Finland, An Expert Explains Why Tutankhamuns Tomb Remains One Of The Greatest Archaeological Discoveries. Named after Mize, the early Luvale capitalthe Likumbi Lya Mize ceremony is much more than just a colorful festival. Some dances are performed to cure diseases and psychological illness. This material may not bepublished, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or part without the express written permission of AncientPages.com, Our Understanding Of Human Prehistory And Societies Is Wrong Scientists Say. Ras Leela, Haryana Ras Leela is a traditional dance form in India, which is based on a mythological story of Hinduism. Back in the early 1970s, Phil Kirkland created surreal textbook illustrations, mostly for psychology and health books. The Makishi are shrouded in secrecy and it is taboo to ask who hides behind the mask. Like many other t This figure was probably made quite recently for sale to tourists. The Makishi are shrouded in secrecy and it is taboo to ask who hides behind the mask. (722k) Dancer in traditional costume. Who Is Secretly Keeping A Watching Eye On Tibetan Monasteries? The solibao starts the sequence. It is an ancestral war cry. Please use recent versions of browsers such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Edge or Safari to access 'Dive' interfaces. Typical Budget for Makishi Performers isR15000 - R20000 excl. SEND GIGSTER YOUR EVENT DETAILS and we will forward your enquiry to up to 5 suitable acts. Indulging in the aimless activity of watching the ephemeral beauty of clouds can enrich your life. The masqueradesenact morality stories, imparting practical lessons for life andvalues to live by. singing as only the Mambwe tribe have. VICTORIA Falls-based traditional dance group Makishi has embarked on a national tour in an endeavour to educate people particularly the youths about the various cultural activities of Zimbabwe. The Makishi is another masked character, representing the spirit of a deceased ancestor who returns to the world of the living to assist the boys. The Chisaluke represents a powerful and wealthy man with spiritual influence; the Mupala is the lord of the mukanda and protective spirit with supernatural abilities; Pwevo is a female character representing the ideal woman and is responsible for the musical accompaniment of the rituals and dances. They are Zambia's most famous dancers who perform dressed in "boldly lakishi costumes and arresting masks that represent mythical characters and deities." 1 During the ceremony, the Makishi dancers recite the history of the tribe. What is the most commonly performed style done in popular Zambian music? your password This type of dance is performed as an act of initiation into adulthood. The image of Bali as a place of great physical beauty laced with a mysterious spirituality has its origins in the works of a small circle of bohemian expats in the 1930, of whom Spies was the most influential. The synchronicity of discovering Esther Teichmann at this moment in my life is striking. Astronomic. Al-Sirah al-Hilaliyyah (Arabic: , romanized: as-Sra al-Hilliyya, lit. Being mostly fishermen and hunters, the Luvale people migrated from the Democratic Republic of Congo. It fits over an adult's head. Simple, basic rhythm dominates the folk dance and stablish the pattern of movement. VAT. Kulu-Tsen (Yimkhiung) 114 views, 0 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares. Which post modern choreographer's work was rooted in the culture of African Americans? If your membership number currently begins with a 'W', please replace the letter with the number 6. They were innovative and became one the first Zambian people to establish trade links with non-Africans. A child of a male chief is called Mwana Uta or 'child of the bow', and can never become a chief. Every year, the Luvale people do their best to keep the ancient traditions and wisdom of the past alive, and those efforts are truly worthy of our admiration. When its time for the yearly Likumbi Lya Mize ceremony, we can see and admire those boys who according to tradition dance and sing wearing flamboyant masks and costumes. 10. A laboratory in constant change, a small museum of desires and dreams that amuse the inner child. Extract from: Makishi Masquerade and Activities: The Reformulation of Visual and Performance Genres of the Mukanda School of Zambia by Victoria Phiri Chitungu Usually at the beginning of the dry season, the young boys leave their homes and live for one to three months in an isolated bush camp. Realize we dont live beneath the sky, we live within it. a dance depicting the way and style and planting harvesting and winnowing palays. This war dance was known as haka and it helped strengthen the warriors and bring them together. a dance of male Talaanding tribe presenting their expertise in style and arts in fighting their opponents are enemies with their ritual dances for offering to their Magbabaya (God). The xibelani dance (Shibelani, Shibelana, Shibelane) is an indigenous dance of the Tsonga women of the Limpopo province in northern South Africa.The name of the dance comes from the native Xitsonga language and it can translate to "hitting to the rhythm", for example, the concept "xi Bela ni vunanga".The name "xibelani" typically refers to the dance style while the skirt itself is referred to . E.g. Crowds tend to appreciate the famed Makishi dancers more than anything. Where is it mostly performed now? Enter the password that accompanies your membership number. Dancers in traditional costume. 9 .ADOWA (AKAN TRIBE) Adowa is a very popular dance in Ghana performed by the Akan tribe. If you enjoy DOP, please subscribe and you will receive our curation of wonders right to your inbox every now and then. Ellen Lloyd - AncientPages.com - If you happen to be in Zambia, Africa the last weekend in August you may want to experience the traditional Likumbi Lya Mize ceremony celebrated by the Luvale people near the Zambezi town. The entire village attends the Makishi dance and pantomime- like performance until the graduates re-emerge from the camp to reintegrate with their communities as adult men. Worn by dancers during the Inti Rymi celebration of the summer solstice, these masks slip over the head and have 2 sides so the dancer can never be surprised by the devil. It is made from woven plastic, painted black and decorated with red and white stripes. This act is great for welcoming guests especially overseas guests. I am surrounded by lush nature and the promise of the unknown speaks to me beyond language. There are various mask and each and one of them is associated with a powerful character. Characteristics of Philippine Folk Dance 1. Enter your ABE Web Portal membership number. The report on the implementation of the Convention, due by States Parties every 6 years, includes a section on the elements inscribed on the Representative List. At the base is a fringe of fibres that hide the wearer's neck. 'Chronicle of the al-Hilalis'), also known as the Sirat Bani Hilal ( Sra Ban Hill) or the al-Hilali epic, is an Arabic epic oral poem that recounts the tale of the journey of the Bedouin tribe of the Banu Hilal from Najd in Arabia to Tunisia and Algeria via Egypt. 4. During the ceremony, the Makishi dancers recite the history of the tribe. The palakis or takik emphasizes the rhythm of the solibao. Ed has planted, revitalized, and pastored churches, trained pastors and church planters on six continents, holds two . Paul Gustave Dors way of depicting Christian imagery is a great example. The Jerusarema dance and the Muchongoyo are widely regarded as the most important and distinctive dances of Zimbabwe. He paints gateways into an ethereal realm. 2. Ihosanna is a rain-making dance performed in Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa. The dance styles are fascinating and involved. Takik is a thanksgiving dance performed during weddings and feasts. "Culture makes people understand each other better. Makishi Dance (Luchazi People) - Chileya. This dance is performed during a grand feast known as 'Feast of Merit', and is carried out by all the able-bodied men in full traditional attire. The mukanda involves the circumcision of the initiates, tests of courage and lessons on their future role as men and husbands. includes the repertory of sacred and secular traditional dances of the philippines notable for its combination of grace and vigor, creates dances that directly reflect the rich, natural environment, used to welcome visitors in delicate swaying and dances, mimicking the movement of the bird up in the air called "Bano", a dance for entertainment performed during festivals and gatherings. (606k) Dancer in traditional costume. Diving into his world may cause a feeling of dizziness due to an overdose of novelty. It is an excellent choreography as the dance consist of fast and complicated footwork. Native American Tradition Of A Vision Quest How To Enter The Spiritual World, Ancient Bayanihan Tradition Of The Filipino People: Villagers Move Your Entire House Including Walls And Roof, rsgng Year Walk In The Forest Mystical Journey To Gain Knowledge About The Future An Ancient Swedish Ritual. every phases of society has a unique version of a tribal dance. There are seven different forms of Nati dances performed by Himachali youth such as Lahauli Nati, Kinnauri, Sirmauri, Mahasuvi and Himachali Nati dance. 1: Changsang Changsang dance are perform by the Chang tribe from Nagaland during Naknyulum festivals. Before becoming a Makishi dancers, boys must take part in an annual initiation ritual for males between the ages of eight and twelve. In many ways, as the author astutely argues, the masks are a performative mechanism used to explain, cope with, and, often enough, celebrate life's most difficult transitions and transformations. It is largely an acrobatic demonstration of male prowess and at the end of the day, a woman was indeed cured. Only children of a female chief ('vamyangana') can rule. Of the thirteen clans ('miyachi') that make up the Luvale tribe, only the 'NamaKungu' has members who can ascend to the throne. Before the dance begins the participants take an emetic (probably a sedative herb) which is not an anti-venom and then dance with the snakes in their mouths. Folk dancing means the dance forms of ordinary individuals as objected to those from the upper classes. Makishi dance, originally performed at the end of an annual initiation ritual for boys between the ages of eight and twelve in rural Zimbabwe and Zambia, is particularly known for involving beautifully painted masks that represent different spiritual characters. The term refers to the masks and costumes that constitute a character being portrayed. A cosmic drama featuring the two interstellar repairmen Stel and Atan who rediscover humanitys true state of being. Firstly, it was done to scare their opponents; the warriors would use aggressive facial expressions such as bulging eyes and poking of their tongues. They live in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Angola. Akalela, for example, is created by beating three large drums while over 30 people dance in well-choreographed formations, an organizational feat that is usually performed in large, open spaces and draws huge crowds. (1114k) Dancers in traditional costume. After much feasting and dancing,thepartyreachesitsclimaxwithasplendidmakishiprocessionforthe chief. 1. Should you be unsure about which acts to enquire with, you can choose to The Chokwe use masks in many contexts. The mask is cone-shaped because this is the shape of an antelope 's horn and Cikunza is associated with hunting. Makishi vibrantly documents the ability of theater to perpetuate tradition while providing an adaptive leading edge. The sound of drums can be transmitted over a distance of ten kilometres. By percentage of the local snake population, most are rattlesnakes, but all are handled freely. In modern times, the period has been reduced to one month due to the school school calendar. The Makishi masquerade is performed at the end of the mukanda, an annual initiation ritual for boys between the ages of eight and twelve. Every boy is given a specific initiation mask that stays with him throughout the ritual. The Sangtams are a Naga tribe living in the Tuensang and Kiphire districts of Nagaland. Log into your account. The Makishi Masquerade is connected to the Mukanda, an initiation school held annually for boys between the ages of eight and seventeen. The more poetic and sensational the more likely to find followers. Surrealism based on studies of psychology, religion, the Bible, astrology, antiquity, magic, witchcraft, mythology and occultism. Their appearance creates an eerie but fascinating atmosphere. . Your browser is not supported by this application. A dance performed by male and female Talaandig for entertainment and sometimes in the ritual dances for offering to their Magbabaya Talupak a dance depicting the way and style and planting harvesting and winnowing palays. This figure represents an ancestral spirit known as a Makishi. Traditionally, haka was performed only . Throughout the event, the festivities spread outon both sides of the River Zambezi, with round-the-clock entertainment and lively market stalls. And if they understand each other better in their soul, it is easier to overcome the economic and politic. The ceremony is not only extraordinary to watch, but also an important historical event which is why the UNESCO declared it a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Maori passed on their history through songs and stories. Fragments Of 6,500-Year-Old Figurine Of Venus of Egerszeg Unearthed. Being mostly fishermen and hunters, the Luvale people migrated from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Maori song and dance. It was made by the Chokwe people who live in the south-west region of Africa in parts of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. This ritual is celebrated by the Vaka Chiyama Cha Mukwamayi communities, which include the Luvale, Chokwe, Luchazi and Mbunda peoples, who live in the northwestern and western provinces of Zambia. Usually, the young boys live for one to three months at a bush camp This book is a New Age classic but just one of many publications in the same spirit springing from the counterculture of the late 1960s. The graduation is marked by the performance of the Makishi Masquerade and the whole community is free to attend. They say that the Makishi Dancers are spirits that represent the ancestors and they command the utmost respect. Coming of age dances. At a young age, boys are told to leave their homes and live for one to three months in an isolated bush camp. Steve Davey - Around the World in 500 Festivals, Unique Ornamented Golden Bronze Age Belt Discovered Near Opava, Czech Republic, Massive Roman-Era Column Base Of Limestone Unearthed In The Foothills Of Mount Hermon, Golan Heights, Hairy Snail Discovered In 99-Million-Year-Old Amber, Strange Tale Of Mysterious Thousand-Year-Old Underground Network Of Caves And Encounters With Subterranean Dwellers, Unexplained Mystery Of The Glowing Woman Who Baffled Scientists. For example, the Chisaluke represents a powerful and wealthy man with spiritual influence. Makishi dance, although entertaining people at all possible occasions especially during Kuomboka festival, was originally danced only during the Lubale . A ceremony involving dances and songs is held to celebrate them as adult men. Their appearance creates an eerie but fascinating atmosphere. Among the Ndebele people, the dance is also performed during spiritual ceremonies. During the mukanda, as the ritual is called, boys must face several challenges and test their courage. Makishi dancers have intrigued and intimidated audiences for centuries. Makishi dancers have intrigued and intimidated audiences for centuries. The mukanda has an educational function of transmitting practical survival-skills as well as knowledge about nature, sexuality, religious beliefs and the social values of the community. On This Day In History: Ceres Discovered By Giuseppe Piazzi On Jan 1, 1801, Chennakeshava Temple In Belur Is Richly Decorated With Scenes From Ramayana Mahabharata And Puranas, Colossus of Ramesess II At Karnak Temples Is Undergoing Restoration, Unraveling The Mystery Of The Phoenix: The Bird Of Immortality, Pre-Columbian Pachacamac Site Dedicated To God Of Creation, Fire And Earthquakes In Inca Religion, Bacabs: Four Atlantean Gods Were Giants And Sons Of Itzmna, Maya God Of Heaven And The Sun, On This Day In History: Eugne Dubois Who Discovered Remains Of Java Man Was Born On Jan 28, 1858, Votive Plaque Dedicated To Dudu High Priest Of God Ningirsu, Remains of Maurya-Era Wall Discovered In Tilaurakot, Kapilvastu, Nepal, Cradle Of The Scythians Studied By Russian-Polish Archaeologists, Ponte di Cecco Legend Of A Bridge Built By An Astrologer With The Help Of The Devil, Huge Ring Of Ancient Shafts Discovered Near Stonehenge, Curious Pre-Columbian Clay Figurines With Smiling Faces From Veracruz, Surprising Evidence Of 12,000-Year-Old Unknown Advanced Secret Knowledge Held By Elite Individuals The Article Part 1, Huehueteotl: Old Aztec God Of Fire, Time And Aging Ceremony Of The New Fire, Machu Picchu Is Older Than Previously Thought New Study Reveals, Ancient Fossil Found In Sahara Suggests Loch Ness Monster Could Be Real.
How Much Do Cna Make An Hour In Georgia,
X-www-form-urlencoded To Json C#,
Restaurant Menu Maker,
Elsopa Hd Grindstone Redone 2k,
Timbuk2 Classic Messenger Small,
Why Do Spiders Take Down Their Webs,